This paper examines the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in art historical research and cultural heritage preservation, focusing on visual analysis, stylistic classification, material analysis, authentication, and conservation. It explores the extent to which AI-based methods enhance established art historical practices and generate new methodological and ethical challenges. The study employs a qualitative exploratory approach based on a critical review of scholarly literature, museum reports, conservation studies, and digital heritage policy documents. The findings indicate that AI can improve the speed, consistency, and scalability of selected analytical and conservation processes. However, its emphasis on quantifiable visual features may overlook cultural context, symbolism, historical meaning, and interpretive complexity. The study also identifies concerns relating to algorithmic bias, unequal representation, data ownership, and the digitisation of cultural heritage. It argues that AI should be understood as a transformative analytical tool rather than a substitute for human expertise. Responsible integration therefore requires critical human oversight, contextual awareness, and ethical consideration of the cultural and social dimensions of art and heritage.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Art history, Heritage safeguarding, Algorithmic analysis, Digital humanities.